Overview: In this edition, the authors have attempted to outline the very broad term of Critical Energy Infrastructure (CEI) from a wide range of perspectives. On the one hand, there is the simple question: what does actually belong to the CEI? As the examples showed, it is not just the power plants, pipelines and fuel depots. The variety of facilities and objectives is much wider. On the other hand – what dependencies inevitably arise, if you shift the focus of energy supply or fail to relocate it? Finally yet importantly – how easy it is to jeopardize the energy security of entire regions with the smallest of resources and unforeseen events. Those are the questions and the driving objectives of the energy security research nowadays.

"Costs of building new energy infrastructure and transporting energy for a future sector-integrating energy system with a focus on Europe"
By Dr Jutta Lauf and Dr. Reiner Zimmermann

"European energy crunch and its impact on energy markets"
By Marju Kõrts, Research Estonian SME, Reseach & Lessons Learned Division

"North Africa and the European Union: An option for technically controllable and politically reliable solar electricity supply?"
By Dr. Jutta Lauf and Dr. Reiner Zimmermann

"Is de-carbonising the construction industry possible? An overview of advances in materials and processes"
By Dr. Jutta Lauf

"Maritime Improvised Explosive Device (M-IED) Threat to Energy Security"
By CDR H.Ceyhun Ture, SME, Education, Training Exercise Division

Overview: * The Future Role of Nuclear Propulsion in the Military
* Connecting production facilities and transport infrastructure for creating robust and carbon-neutral sector-integrated energy systems
* Russia’s climate change conundrum
* Hurricane threats to military infrastructure in a warming world and possible adaption and mitigation strategies

Overview:
* Offshore Wind Power Resources and Its Potential
* Technological Developments of Offshore Wind Turbines
* Environmental Aspects of Offshore Wind Farms
* Potential Problems for Installing Offshore Wind Farms – Aviation, Navigation and Safety at Sea
* Integration of Power from Offshore Wind Turbines into Onshore grids
* Energy Storage and Smart Grids as enablers of energy transition

Overview: * Nitrogen based propellants as substitute for carbon containing fuels
* The hidden costs of solar photovoltaic power
* What to expect from an energy transition for Australia’s energy security and its Defence Force?
* The Synchronization of the Baltic States’: Geopolitical Implications on the Baltic Sea Region and Beyond

Overview:
* OPERATIONAL ENERGY IN A MILITARY ENVIRONMENT
* NATO’S STANCE ON ENERGY SECURITY
* MILITARY USE OF TRADITIONAL ENERGY SOURCES AND THE IMPACT ON ENERGY SECURITY
* ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
* NATO’S “GREEN” INITIATIVES
* NEW ENERGY SOLUTIONS IN NATO AND THE IMPACT ON ENERGY SECURITY
* MILITARY AND CIVIL SECTOR COOPERATION IN ENERGY INNOVATIONS